Error
Error Code:
340
SAP S/4HANA Error 340: SQL Variable Not Bound
Description
This error indicates that a SQL statement executed within SAP S/4HANA contains placeholder variables for which corresponding values were not supplied. It commonly occurs during database operations when the number of expected parameters does not match the number of values provided.
Error Message
ERR_SQL_VAR_NOT_BOUND
Known Causes
3 known causesMissing Parameter Values
A SQL query or stored procedure requires specific input parameters, but some necessary values were not passed or were left empty during execution.
Mismatched Parameter Count
The number of placeholder variables defined within the SQL statement does not align with the number of values provided for binding, leaving some variables unbound.
Dynamic SQL Construction Error
When SQL queries are built dynamically, the logic may incorrectly omit or misplace the binding of variables before the statement is executed.
Solutions
3 solutions available1. Identify and Correct Unbound SQL Variables in ABAP Code advanced
Locate and bind missing variables in the ABAP program that is triggering the error.
1
Identify the ABAP program and specific statement causing the error. This usually involves tracing the error message back to the source code. Transaction ST22 or SM21 can be helpful.
Example: If ST22 points to program 'ZMY_REPORT' and line 123, focus your investigation there.2
Examine the SQL statement within the identified ABAP code. Look for placeholders (e.g., `:variable_name`, `?`) that are used but not explicitly declared or assigned a value before the SQL statement is executed.
Example of problematic code:
abap
SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_data)
WHERE field1 = @unbound_variable.
3
Declare and assign a value to the unbound variable before the SQL statement is executed. Ensure the data type of the assigned value matches the expected type of the database column.
Example of corrected code:
abap
DATA lv_value TYPE my_table-field1.
lv_value = 'some_value'. " Assign a value
SELECT * FROM MY_TABLE INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_data)
WHERE field1 = @lv_value.
4
If using host variables in Open SQL, ensure they are correctly declared using `DATA` statements and are assigned a value. For newer ABAP syntax with inline declarations and host variables, verify the assignment directly before the `SELECT` or `UPDATE` statement.
Example with inline declaration:
abap
DATA(lv_search_value) = 'specific_criteria'.
SELECT * FROM some_table INTO TABLE @DATA(lt_results)
WHERE some_field = @lv_search_value.
5
Activate the modified ABAP program and re-run the transaction or process that caused the error to confirm the issue is resolved.
2. Review and Adjust SQL Statement Parameters in Custom Development medium
Ensure all parameters in custom SQL statements are correctly passed and bound.
1
If the error originates from custom SQL statements executed via SQL Scripting or within custom applications interacting with S/4HANA, review the code that constructs and executes these statements.
Example: Java code using JDBC to interact with S/4HANA database.2
Check the SQL query for any placeholders (e.g., `?`, named parameters like `:param_name`).
Example SQL:
sql
SELECT column1, column2 FROM my_schema.my_table WHERE id = ? AND status = :current_status;
3
Verify that for each placeholder in the SQL statement, a corresponding value is being set using the appropriate API methods before the statement is executed. This often involves using methods like `setString()`, `setInt()`, `setObject()` on a `PreparedStatement` object.
Example Java JDBC code:
java
String sql = "SELECT ... WHERE id = ? AND status = :current_status";
PreparedStatement pstmt = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
pstmt.setInt(1, recordId); // Binding the first '?'
// If using named parameters, the method might differ based on driver/library.
// For standard JDBC, named parameters are less common than positional '?'
// If using a library that supports named parameters, it would look something like:
// pstmt.setObject("current_status", "ACTIVE");
pstmt.execute();
4
Ensure the order of binding parameters for positional placeholders (`?`) is correct and matches the order in the SQL statement.
Example: If your SQL has `? AND ?`, the first `?` should be bound with the first parameter, and the second `?` with the second parameter.5
Test the custom application or script to confirm the error is resolved.
3. Analyze and Correct Stored Procedure or Function Parameters advanced
Ensure parameters passed to S/4HANA stored procedures or functions are correctly defined and supplied.
1
If the error occurs during the execution of a stored procedure or function within the S/4HANA database (e.g., triggered by an ABAP call or direct SQL execution), investigate the procedure/function definition.
Example: Checking a SQL Scripting procedure in HANA Studio or SAP ADT.2
Review the `CALL` statement or the ABAP code that invokes the stored procedure/function. Ensure all input parameters are provided and have the correct data types.
Example ABAP calling a stored procedure:
abap
CALL 'MY_PROCEDURE' (
EXPORTING
iv_param1 = lv_value1
iv_param2 = lv_value2
IMPORTING
ev_result = lv_output
).
3
Examine the stored procedure/function definition for its expected parameters. Pay close attention to the parameter names, data types, and whether they are `IN`, `OUT`, or `INOUT` parameters.
Example SQL Scripting procedure:
sql
CREATE PROCEDURE "MY_PROCEDURE" (
IN "IV_PARAM1" NVARCHAR(50),
IN "IV_PARAM2" INTEGER
) AS
BEGIN
-- Procedure logic
END;
4
If a parameter is expected but not provided in the `CALL` statement, add it. If a parameter is provided but its data type does not match the expected type, adjust the data type of the provided variable or the parameter in the procedure definition (with caution and proper impact analysis).
Example: If `iv_param2` expects an INTEGER, ensure `lv_value2` in ABAP is of an integer type and not a string.5
Reactivate the stored procedure/function and re-test the calling program or process.